Officiallythick

Some scholars argued that success and failure of policy is highly "subjective and reflective" an individual perspective. A specific point of view and multi dimensional reasoning of success and failure, relative perception provides opportunities to learn from the mistake and to establish best practices. A policy scientist can go back to drawing board to make changes and recommendations to change the course.

Synthesis Approach:

A top down approach is more useful when goals and objective are clearer and policies are designed in a comprehensive way. A single domain, comprehensive policy and planning a vision and technical skills and extensive pool of resources which are rare in developing countries. Top down approach is good academic exercise but for practical purpose bottom up approach seems to be more feasible in country like Pakistan as long as dogma of mistrust and corruption is attached to center. Local experiences and perspective are important factors, which contribute for success or failure of any public policy. Furthermore, bottom up approach helpful for implementation if objectives are not clear and polices viewed as non-singular domain.

By comparing the weakness and strengths of these two approaches, researcher proposed an emerging model as synthesis approach – a "backward mapping" with "forward mapping" mechanisms in it.

A good application of synthesis depicted in advocacy coalition framework. This framework lays groundwork for coordination or synthesis between bottom up perspective, a network of community actors, public and private partnership with concern of "bigger picture" perspective and objectives from the top. A bridge between top most design and top down implementers. Advocacy collision framework facilitates in understanding a coalition of multiple actors from variety of institutions, sharing a common set of beliefs and interest, find common ground to work with subsystem, with special focus at implementation phase of policy process (1).

A refined model is also proposed as a reconciling approach between top down and bottom up, between policymakers and implementers. This method proposes that implementation process can be much smoother through communication and negotiation as oppose command and control.

In some instance a "strategically delay" in implementing a policy is more appropriate. For instance if a department needs more clarification, want to seek more support from target population or requires grass root access, pulling up all the required resources and conducive conditions for implantation will result in high probability of success (2).